Sunday, November 10, 2013

MISING AGOMLO MIBO ABÍG



                                          ----Bhaigeswar Pagag

Agomé réngamké bottané amanko.Agomki réngamé aíké asin mé:namdém lusarsunado.Émpila réngam ako turradu:pé agomém lagidag.Réngam ako turra du:pé agomém turmola lé:péru:ng idag.Agom kamamílo amo:sok turra du:né tani:é émna amme kinnamang.Émpila opín ako turra du:pé agomém anka:la manggom agom bé:lé:ngém lang  agom boigyanik kídaré potin kísapé adgabla mé:do.Édé adgabnam agom kídardé yogdogom kéba:ngé malen la:dakku.Adgabla lé:mamílo édé opíndé amo:sokké yokpado.Émkunamé agomsém tumopé:rung idag.
Ngoluk Mising agom si:gom sé mo:písok angu angu turra du:né agom arangí: dok ako.Mising réngam si:gom turra du:né aíké agom dírbí kasuné opínko.Ngoluk bha:rot amo:so odokké Purba:nsol mimong kídarso bojekoTurné agomé dung. Édé agom ara:ngí:dok Mising agomsi:m gom Asom-Orunasol mimong anyi:so bojeko turra du:né agomko.Misingé oko agomdém lugabbola du:ji, édé agomdém Mising agomé émna ludo.Bojeyang Purba:nsolsok turra du:né agom kídardé Tibot-Bormi agom pe:le:lokké.Mising agomsi:gom Tirbot-Bormi agom pe:le: lokké North-Assam branch language ope: olung lokké lenné.Mising agom lo gésu gélak né agom pe:le: é:sin Orunasol mimolo dung.Édé bul:lu sémpé –Adi(Pa:si,Pa:dam,Minyong,Asing ,Mílang,KarkoSimong kídarsi) Galong (Galo,Bori,Bokar,Palibo,Libo,Komkar kídarsi) Nyishing(Bangni,Solung,Na-TaginTagin,Hilmiri Kídarsi) si: lang Apatani: opín kídarsi.Agom leme: sígla agom kídarém makumné migom kídaré Mising agom sim sémpé orpan sutung –
Mising agom sé boje ko mirém rémmé agomkai.Sé agom sokkésin aíké abígé du:su dungai émn ta:to-ya:yo buluké nappa nappa:lokki lubom sula du:nam do:yi do:mo nénam-po:nung lang a:ba:lo pa:dag.Émdaggom Misingké abígé kasumang.Misingém ru:né pí:né bí Mising abígém suktamlo adbi:tungai ,édé abígdém oyi:pé ké:la dopakto émna ludo.Éddíko arrosong sé:koté lugabla lulamang.Silo mélo Misingé aíké do:yi do:moém Roman abígém moin mojosula alla dung.Roman abíksém la:ma:ngo:dapé Mising agom do:yingém Asomiya abíkki ako anyiko Mising légapé Mising potiném alla dungai.Popé Po:sum Sunaram Panyang kotokibí “MIRI DUWAN”(1915),Dr.Numol Sondro Pe:gu “MISING ABíG”(1956), Komol Sondro Pa:dun “MISING PATH” , Bibhison Pe:gu “MIRI DUWAN BA MISING AGOM”(1963) do atka.Asomiya abíkki addak popébo Mising agomsém anka:lakang kídopé Britijjé Bharotso migom dola dudo dém bo,édé ayirdok Sodiya du:la migom ager gerra du:né Je.Eph Nidham bí 1886 takkído Roman abíkki“OUT LINE GRAMMAR OF THE SHAIYANG MIRI LANGUAGE”émna Mising agomki Mising Gomlamko atka.Édé poptin dém Misinglok lenpo:pagné Gomlam potiné émna ludo.Nidham migommé Mí:jum migom émna sin kindo.Édé potin dokki Mising agom sokké aríngé rí:len kang émna lupé ido.SiloMising agomsémAsom migomé mimosok Mising du:téng do:lung kídarro pobuk iskullo poraidopé 1985 takkídokké tolíktung.

Mising agomlo gombug adud:-Gombug makunné odokké anka:la ka:né kídaré Mising nappalo buglenné gombug adudém 29 ko émna ludung. Odok 14 ko Gomugé odokké 15 ko Mukténgé émna balen tung.

Gomug adudu (swara dhvani):-Mising agomlo Gomug adudém 7ko mugdé:pé odokké 7ko Mugyarpé pa:dag.Gomuk kídardé ami:ké adudém jonsuma:pé aíé atékpé buglen sudag.Andé:pé buglenné gomug kídardém Mugdéng odokké ayarpé buglenné gomug kídardém Mugyaré émna ludo.Mising agom lo Mugyardém (:) sé si:n sém ilíkla lukanna do.Émpila Mugyarém mílosé si:n sém kindo.Gomuk kídardok 4ko kéréng(sporko)-I,I:, E, E:  , 4ko Lamku gomugé.Édé bulusé– U, U: ,O, O: ,4ko Ki:ni gomugé –É, É: ,Í ,Í: ,2ko Ki:ni: kéíg gomugé édé bulu –A , A: sé bulu. 14 ko du:né gomug ara:dok–U ,U: , O , O: sé ba:pi:sé Léríng (mulio/kunjit) odokké angu 10 dém (O:kunjit/omuliyo) émna ludo.Mising gomug lo pa:nam“É”lang“Í”abíg ba:nyisim angu agomlo pa:mang.Sém Tani: group lok agom kídarro:lo pa:dag.Tani: group émna luyemílo Abotani: ké ommangé émna tosuné –Adi-Mising,Apatani:,Nyising, Tagin,Galo,HillsMiri kídarsém lupé idag.

Mising agomlo Mukténg adud (benjan dhani):-Mising agomlo 15 ko mukténgé dung.Odok 6ko Tíjet adud manggom potob abígé-P,T,K lang B,D,G ,8ko yebung adud manggom  mukténgé-M,N,NG,NY,1ko Lamku-L,1ko jinnam-R,2ko Guné-S,J odokké 2ko gomtung mukténgé-y lang w dé.H abíg dém tani: aminlo: lang du:téng amino ilígdag.léko léko mibo agomlok gompirém adgom sém addo.

Gompir ri:pumnam:-Mising agomlo gompir ri:pumnam ager sé:gom aíké angu ru:pé dumsígé du:sudung.Gompum ri:pumnam niyomé Mising agomlo 5kopé ngolu lu:ladag.Édé bulu sémpé –

1.Líkset gompum (Affixation) 2. Lupemsunam(Reduplication) 3.Lígbu:sunam(Blending) 4.Kumrí gompum(Compounding) 5.Língngu: nam(Conversion)

1.Líksetgompum (Affixation):-Abig banyi:ko kané gompir kídardém me:lamké du:né abíg ba:nyi: dokki anupé lenné gompirdém lupumsula ludo.édébulusémpé –
(k)Abig ba:nyi:né gompir “ongo”dok me:lamké “ngo” ngo dok kilenné gompir – Ngomuk,Ngopa,Ngobí,Ngosong,Ngosan,Ngosik kídarsé.
(g) “Símín” gompirsokdu:pone “Si” abíg dokki anupé lenkuné gompir –
Situm,Sira,Sisug,Sibe:,Simnyo,Sité,Sidum kídarsi.
(Ng)Péttang gompir dok lenponé abíg “Pé” dokki lenné anu gompir kídardé sébulu –Pébe,péjab,Pékam,Pésin,Péríg,Pépu,Pégang,Pémi kídarsé.
(S) “Pérog” gompir dok lédulo du:né”Rog” abíg dokki lenné anu gompir –Rogné,Rokpo,Rogpí,Rokki,Rogbad,Rokpan kídasé.
(j) “Alé” gompir dokki me:lamké “Lé” abíg ba:nyi:sém du:podopé ilíkmílo anupé ngompiré lendo.Édé bulu sémpé –Léke:,Lépo,Lébíng,Lésin,Lékit,Létag,Léyuk, Kídarsé.
(ny) “Alag” gompirdok me:lamké “Lag” abíg dokki anupé lenné gompiré sémpé –Lakke:,Laksin,Lagdu,Lagbíng,Lagbíng,lagmíd kídarsé.

2.Lupemsunam (Reduplication):-Lupumsula lunam ager sigom Mising agomlok dírbírko.Néríng gompir manggom gomtung anyi:ko lupemsula ludolo anupé gompiré lendo.Édé bulu Sémpé –
(k) Lí (Lí:né) + jíg(unjíg) =Lí:jík>Lí:jíg-jíg
M- Mo+pen+mo+ren =Mopen-moren
K-Ka:+mi: =Ka:mi>Ka:mi: - ka:mi ,
O- O+sug =OsugO+re: >Osug+Ore: =Osug-Ore:
Sémpé gomtung ba:nyiko lupemsula ludagém asutko totédnam légapé(-) pi:risém adlígdo.
3. Lu:lusulalunam gompir (Blending):-Lu:lusula lunam gompirlo Mising abíg niyomlo ba:nyi:ko abíg kané gompirdém addodo,du:pone manggom me:lamdo du:né abíg anyidokki ri:pumsula anupé gompirém addo.
(k) “Símín” lang “Péttang” nébo sigla addo do gompirém nyonbu:sula atpé ido.Édé bulu sémpé –Nébo sigdo do Milbong lukanpé Bo
(g)Tani: manggom Símín-Péttang alé alag,Amírrok atí lukanna lulu:sula ludolo gompirém anupé lenkuné gompirlo addo do sémpé addo–Alé+Amíd=Lémíd ,Alag + amid = lagmíd kísapé.

4.Kumrígompir (Compounding):-Gompir akondém gompir akondo gompumsula addo do anupé lenné gompir dém Mising agom gomlablo me:lamké atkannam bém pé addo.Angu angu lukéng kané gompir kidardém gompirrolo adnamdém gompumsunam dém Kumrí gompir émna ludo.Édé gompir kídardém sémpé addo.Aríg+Ísíng=Aríg-Ísíng,Ísíng+Ílíng=Ísíng-Ílíng,Pédong+Ésar=Pédong-Ésar.

5.Língngu:nam gompir (Conversion) Mising agomlo léko léko angu angupé gombugém ludolo lukéng kídardok lukéngé angu angu dag.Édém gomyarlo ludolopak gompirdok lukéng dém kina dakku.Édé gompir kídardém lukéng kadopé atpé kéra:do: manggom me:lamdo atud,Líkset atí ri:pumsula addo.Sémpé Mising agomlo bojeko niyomé dung.Sé niyom kídar sim aiyompé an-ka:la ka:mamílo tayé tayédokki ka:mílo ara:dok lukéng kídardém lugabla:mang.Ngo so asudau:ko lusék lurékla gompir gomnyiko Mising abíg léga:dém atkítung.Me:lampé ayirko pa:mílo asutko adjaryeku.Sok me:lamso ngo Mising abíg légapé luker kernam légapé takam agom mé:bone lo:pé kumpasula lupangko lukítung.Mising agomsém aiyompé porika- nirika mola adídu:dakso mo:sima:mílo me:lampé ngasodé lenpéké.Édémpila ngolu sí:sang sí:togé lérékpé lenna agomsim narépé adnamko ipérungiye.

Mising abíksém akke mibo abíkpé mé:ladung.Supaksin sé abíksém Mising abígé émna mé:sumané tani:ékké:sin dung.Émpla Silo ngasodé lenpé idung.Mising abígém ba:nyikopé Mising agomso ka:pa:dung. Sé bottané ngasotpé ipé émna lending.Édéngasoddé Mumbaibok ké Mising abíglang Asom mimosokké adbomsula du:nama bígkídarsi.Sém agom kébangé ajjau:né do:yingé émna mé:mapé lomdanna ru:suko itoka émna kumlígdung.Mising agomsé sék kai ané abuké ompotimang.Sé to:dí to:dílokké ta:to –ya: buluké lusi:bomna lé:bi:nam réngamsok ompotié.Sém ako anyikoném aíké ompotiémpé mé:ngkam mé:ngkampé adjok adrok bomna gí:tu: jiko: dope adbom dung.Sém ka:la amme Mising agomsém research mokolo ngasodye.Sé agersém ngolu na:répé gerbipémílopak odokké Mising abígsém aíké émna mé:sumílopak Mising agom sé pu:po – jarpoye.

Ka:yirsunanépotin:-

1.S.KChetarji, linguistic servey of India: language &script,The cultural heritage of India,Vol.I,reprint 1970 CAlcutta,pp45-64.
2.Mising Gomlam,Prof.NahendroPa:dun
3.AsomorBhasha, Dr.Bhimkanto Borua,Dibrugarh,2003,p-91-92.
4.Luseggomlam, JugesorNoro,Bapusola,Majuli,Jorhat.







































































MISING AGOMLO MIBO ABÍG
Agomé réngamké bottané amanko.Agomki réngamé aíké asin mé:namdém lusarsunado.Émpila réngam ako turradu:pé agomém lagidag.Réngam ako turra du:pé agomém turmola lé:péru:ng idag.Agom kamamílo amo:sok turra du:né tani:é émna amme kinnamang.Émpila opín ako turra du:pé agomém anka:la manggom agom bé:lé:ngém lang  agom boigyanik kídaré potin kísapé adgabla mé:do.Édé adgabnam agom kídardé yogdogom kéba:ngé malen la:dakku.Adgabla lé:mamílo édé opíndé amo:sokké yokpado.Émkunamé agomsém tumopé:rung idag.
Ngoluk Mising agom si:gom sé mo:písok angu angu turra du:né agom arangí: dok ako.Mising réngam si:gom turra du:né aíké agom dírbí kasuné opínko.Ngoluk bha:rot amo:so odokké Purba:nsol mimong kídarso bojekoTurné agomé dung. Édé agom ara:ngí:dok Mising agomsi:m gom Asom-Orunasol mimong anyi:so bojeko turra du:né agomko.Misingé oko agomdém lugabbola du:ji, édé agomdém Mising agomé émna ludo.Bojeyang Purba:nsolsok turra du:né agom kídardé Tirbot-Bormi agom pe:le:lokké.Mising agomsi:gom Tirbot-Bormi agom pe:le: lokké North-Assam branch language ope: olung lokké lenné.Mising agom lo gésu gélak né agom pe:le: é:sin Orunasol mimolo dung.Édé bul:lu sémpé –Adi(Pa:si,Pa:dam,Minyong,Asing ,Mílang,KarkoSimong kídarsi) Galong (Galo,Bori,Bokar,Palibo,Libo,Komkar kídarsi) Nyishing(Bangni,Solung,Na-TaginTagin,Hilmiri Kídarsi) si: lang Apatani: opín kídarsi.Agom leme: sígla agom kídarém makumné migom kídaré Mising agom sim sémpé orpan sutung –
Mising agom sé boje ko mirém rémmé agomkai.Sé agom sokkésin aíké abígé du:su dungai émn ta:to-ya:yo buluké nappa nappa:lokki lubom sula du:nam do:yi do:mo nénam-po:nung lang a:ba:lo pa:dag.Émdaggom Misingké abígé kasumang.Misingém ru:né pí:né bí Mising abígém suktamlo adbi:tungai ,édé abígdém oyi:pé ké:la dopakto émna ludo.Éddíko arrosong sé:koté lugabla lulamang.Silo mélo Misingé aíké do:yi do:moém Roman abígém moin mojosula alla dung.Roman abíksém la:ma:ngo:dapé Mising agom do:yingém Asomiya abíkki ako anyiko Mising légapé Mising potiném alla dungai.Popé Po:sum Sunaram Panyang kotokibí “MIRI DUWAN”(1915),Dr.Numol Sondro Pe:gu “MISING ABíG”(1956),Komol Sondro Pa:dun “MISING PATH” ,Bibhison Pe:gu “MIRI DUWAN BA MISING AGOM”(1963) do atka.Asomiya abíkki addak popébo Mising agomsém anka:lakang kídopé Britijjé Bharotso migom dola dudo dém bo,édé ayirdok Sodiya du:la migom ager gerra du:né Je.Eph Nidham bí 1886 takkído Roman abíkki“OUTH LINE GRAMMER OF THE SHAIYANGMIRI LANGUAGE”émna Mising agomki Mising Gomlamko atka.Édé poptin dém Misinglok lenpo:pagné Gomlam potiné émna ludo.Nidham migommé Mí:jum migom émna sin kindo.Édé potin dokki Mising agom sokké aríngé rí:len kang émna lupé ido.SiloMising agomsémAsom migomé mimosok Mising du:téng do:lung kídarro pobuk iskullo poraidopé 1985 takkídokké tolíktung.
Mising agomlo gombug adud:-Gombug makunné odokké anka:la ka:né kídaré Mising nappalo buglenné gombug adudém 29 ko émna ludung. Odok 14 ko Gomugé odokké 15 ko Mukténgé émna balen tung.
Gomug adudu (swara dhvani):-Mising agomlo Gomug adudém 7ko mugdé:pé odokké 7ko Mugyarpé pa:dag.Gomuk kídardé ami:ké adudém jonsuma:pé aíé atékpé buglen sudag.Andé:pé buglenné gomug kídardém Mugdéng odokké ayarpé buglenné gomug kídardém Mugyaré émna ludo.Mising agom lo Mugyardém (:) sé si:n sém ilíkla lukanna do.Émpila Mugyarém mílosé si:n sém kindo.Gomuk kídardok 4ko kéréng(sporko)-I,I:, E, E:  , 4ko Lamku gomugé.Édé bulusé– U, U: ,O, O: ,4ko Ki:ni gomugé –É, É: ,Í ,Í: ,2ko Ki:ni: kéíg gomugé édé bulu –A , A: sé bulu. 14 ko du:né gomug ara:dok–U ,U: , O , O: sé ba:pi:sé Léríng (mulio/kunjit) odokké angu 10 dém (O:kunjit/omuliyo) émna ludo.Mising gomug lo pa:nam“É”lang“Í”abíg ba:nyisim angu agomlo pa:mang.Sém Tani: group lok agom kídarro:lo pa:dag.Tani: group émna luyemílo Abotani: ké ommangé émna tosuné –Adi-Mising,Apatani:,Nyising, Tagin,Galo,HillsMiri kídarsém lupé idag.
Mising agomlo Mukténg adud (benjan dhani):-Mising agomlo 15 ko mukténgé dung.Odok 6ko Tíjet adud manggom potob abígé-P,T,K lang B,D,G ,8ko yebung adud manggom  mukténgé-M,N,NG,NY,1ko Lamku-L,1ko jinnam-R,2ko Guné-S,J odokké 2ko gomtung mukténgé-y lang w dé.H abíg dém tani: aminlo: lang du:téng amino ilígdag.léko léko mibo agomlok gompirém adgom sém addo.
Gompir ri:pumnam:-Mising agomlo gompir ri:pumnam ager sé:gom aíké angu ru:pé dumsígé du:sudung.Gompum ri:pumnam niyomé Mising agomlo 5kopé ngolu lu:ladag.Édé bulu sémpé –
1.Líkset gompum(Affixation) 2. Lupemsunam(Reduplication) 3.Lígbu:sunam(Blending) 4.Kumrí gompum(Compounding) 5.Língngu: nam(Conversion)
1.Líksetgompum:-Abig banyi:ko kané gompir kídardém me:lamké du:né abíg ba:nyi: dokki anupé lenné gompirdém lupumsula ludo.édébulusémpé –
(k)Abig ba:nyi:né gompir “ongo”dok me:lamké “ngo” ngo dok kilenné gompir – Ngomuk,Ngopa,Ngobí,Ngosong,Ngosan,Ngosik kídarsé.
(g) “Símín” gompirsokdu:pone “Si” abíg dokki anupé lenkuné gompir –
Situm,Sira,Sisug,Sibe:,Simnyo,Sité,Sidum kídarsi.
(Ng)Péttang gompir dok lenponé abíg “Pé” dokki lenné anu gompir kídardé sébulu –Pébe,péjab,Pékam,Pésin,Péríg,Pépu,Pégang,Pémi kídarsé.
(S) “Pérog” gompir dok lédulo du:né”Rog” abíg dokki lenné anu gompir –Rogné,Rokpo,Rogpí,Rokki,Rogbad,Rokpan kídasé.
(j) “Alé” gompir dokki me:lamké “Lé” abíg ba:nyi:sém du:podopé ilíkmílo anupé ngompiré lendo.Édé bulu sémpé –Léke:,Lépo,Lébíng,Lésin,Lékit,Létag,Léyuk, Kídarsé.
(ny) “Alag” gompirdok me:lamké “Lag” abíg dokki anupé lenné gompiré sémpé –Lakke:,Laksin,Lagdu,Lagbíng,Lagbíng,lagmíd kídarsé.
2.Lupemsunam(Reduplication):-Lupumsula lunam ager sigom Mising agomlok dírbírko.Néríng gompir manggom gomtung anyi:ko lupemsula ludolo anupé gompiré lendo.Édé bulu Sémpé –
(k) Lí (Lí:né) + jíg(unjíg) =Lí:jík>Lí:jíg-jíg
M- Mo+pen+mo+ren =Mopen-moren
K-Ka:+mi: =Ka:mi>Ka:mi: - ka:mi ,
O- O+sug =OsugO+re: >Osug+Ore: =Osug-Ore:
Sémpé gomtung ba:nyiko lupemsula ludagém asutko totédnam légapé(-) pi:risém adlígdo.
3. Lu:lusulalunam gompir(Blending):-Lu:lusula lunam gompirlo Mising abíg niyomlo ba:nyi:ko abíg kané gompirdém addodo,du:pone manggom me:lamdo du:né abíg anyidokki ri:pumsula anupé gompirém addo.
(k) “Símín” lang “Péttang” nébo sigla addo do gompirém nyonbu:sula atpé ido.Édé bulu sémpé –Nébo sigdo do Milbong lukanpé Bo
(g)Tani: manggom Símín-Péttang alé alag,Amírrok atí lukanna lulu:sula ludolo gompirém anupé lenkuné gompirlo addo do sémpé addo–Alé+Amíd=Lémíd ,Alag + amid = lagmíd kísapé.
4.Kumrígompir(Compounding):-Gompir akondém gompir akondo gompumsula addo do anupé lenné gompir dém Mising agom gomlablo me:lamké atkannam bém pé addo.Angu angu lukéng kané gompir kidardém gompirrolo adnamdém gompumsunam dém Kumrí gompir émna ludo.Édé gompir kídardém sémpé addo.Aríg+Ísíng=Aríg-Ísíng,Ísíng+Ílíng=Ísíng-Ílíng,Pédong+Ésar=Pédong-Ésar.
5.Língngu:nam gompir(Conversion) Mising agomlo léko léko angu angupé gombugém ludolo lukéng kídardok lukéngé angu angu dag.Édém gomyarlo ludolopak gompirdok lukéng dém kina dakku.Édé gompir kídardém lukéng kadopé atpé kéra:do: manggom me:lamdo atud,Líkset atí ri:pumsula addo.Sémpé Mising agomlo bojeko niyomé dung.Sé niyom kídar sim aiyompé an-ka:la ka:mamílo tayé tayédokki ka:mílo ara:dok lukéng kídardém lugabla:mang.Ngo so asudau:ko lusék lurékla gompir gomnyiko Mising abíg léga:dém atkítung.Me:lampé ayirko pa:mílo asutko adjaryeku.Sok me:lamso ngo Mising abíg légapé luker kernam légapé takam agom mé:bone lo:pé kumpasula lupangko lukítung.Mising agomsém aiyompé porika- nirika mola adídu:dakso mo:sima:mílo me:lampé ngasodé lenpéké.Édémpila ngolu sí:sang sí:togé lérékpé lenna agomsim narépé adnamko ipérungiye.Mising abíksém akke mibo abíkpé mé:ladung.Supaksin sé abíksém Mising abígé émna mé:sumané tani:ékké:sin dung.Émpla Silo ngasodé lenpé idung.Mising abígém ba:nyikopé Mising agomso ka:pa:dung. Sé bottané ngasotpé ipé émna lending.Édéngasoddé Mumbaibok ké Mising abíglang Asom mimosokké adbomsula du:nama bígkídarsi.Sém agom kébangé ajjau:né do:yingé émna mé:mapé lomdanna ru:suko itoka émna kumlígdung.Mising agomsé sék kai ané abuké ompotimang.Sé to:dí to:dílokké ta:to –ya: buluké lusi:bomna lé:bi:nam réngamsok ompotié.Sém ako anyikoném aíké ompotiémpé mé:ngkam mé:ngkampé adjok adrok bomna gí:tu: jiko: dope adbom dung.Sém ka:la amme Mising agomsém research mokolo ngasodye.Sé agersém ngolu na:répé gerbipémílopak odokké Mising abígsém aíké émna mé:sumílopak Mising agom sé pu:po – jarpoye.
Ka:yirsunanépotin:-
1.S.KChetarji, linguistic servey of India: language &script,The cultural herirage of India,Vol.I,reprint 1970 culcutta,pp45-64.
2.MisingGomlam,Prof.NahendroPa:dun
3.AsomorBhasha, Dr.Bhimkanto Borua,Dibrugarh,2003,p-91-92.
4.Luseggomlam,JugesorNoro,Bapusola,Majuli,Jorhat.





































































Saturday, November 9, 2013

Mishing Language, Past and Present



                       --Dr Ramesh C Nayak.

Mishing tribe constitute 17.8 % of Assam’s population. Mishing speaking population is 88% and their literacy rate is 60.1% (census 2001). Original home of the Mishings is said to be in Arunachal Pradesh from where they have migrated to plains of Assam centuries ago. Therefore, Mishings are found in both in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. They are a part of Tibeto- Burman family of Mongoloid race. Unlike other Tibeto- Burman languages, Mishings have no scripts of their own.

But Mishings realised down the ages print literature has been acknowledged as a part of the literary canon and has alone been considered as proper literature. Oral literature debased and gradually erased from the face of the earth in the course of time and along with it put an end to a culture. In order to save the culture they must convert their dialect into literature. This farsighted nature of Mishings gave birth to find a script to popularise and flourish their language.

In early endeavour Assamese script was used as the Mishing script. The pioneer in this field being Sonaram Payeng, who added two more sound symbols and initiated the first step in popularisation and preservance of Mishing language. His book “ Miri Doban”, 1915 is the first book on Mishings in Assamese script. Other noteworthy writers like Dr Nomal Chandra Pegu presented another book in 1956 titled “Mishing Abig” followed by “Mishing Path” by Kamal Chandra Padun in 1958 and “Mishing Agom” by Bibhishan Pegu in 1963.

Earlier in 1886, J.F. Needham had written a grammar in Roman Script under the title “Outline grammar of the Shaiyang Miri Language” which most probably encouraged the scholars to adopt Roman script for the development of Mishing language and literature. Finally in 1972, in the Mishing Agom Kebang, the highest literary body of Mishings, the resolution was unanimously passed to adopt Roman script in Dishangmukh, Shibsagar district of Assam on 18th April. Since then Mishing language has crossed many milestones in the field of literature in Roman Script.

Languages and dialects are dying daily, mainly due to lack of initiative by its speaking population. Mishings in this regard are very careful in guarding the growth of their language. Periodicals, news paper, books, dictionaries etc have come up in many numbers and still growing. This is a sign of Mishing effort to nourish and establish their language at par with that of other standard languages because they understand that culture lives through language. Death of a language means death of a culture.

Despite of a self identity established by the Mishing language, the growth is somewhat rather slow. The reasons are many. Let’s count a few of them.
a)     Urbanisation / migration : The people when go out of their own community and live in a different language setting, new born babies are less impacted to their mother tongue. When parental influence towards their own language becomes passive, the child instead of learning his mother tongue starts liking the language spoken by the majority where he lives. Assamese, Hindi being the dominant languages and widely spoken, Mishing children, living in urban settings are not only ignorant about their culture but also ignore their mother tongue.
b)    Parental: In modern settings parents are less worried if their child knows Mishing. They are worried whether their child speaks Hindi and English fluently. As a result they also encourage their child to become more conversant in Hindi or English than Mishing.
c)     Education: Assamese, Hindi and English are the languages of text books in school. It is expected that the child should master these languages. There are no text books in Mishing and Mishing is not taught as a major subject in schools as a result child becomes less inclined to learn the language. In the formative years a child is forced to learn other languages on priority as a result mother tongue is ignored.
d)    Government policy: Government policies are not language friendly. Very little is done from government side to support and sustain the language. Neither any periodicals in mishing language are published by the government nor support any regular publication to keep this language alive. I have seen many periodicals with beautiful dreams to preserve Mishing culture but meet untimely death due to lack of support. For Example “Promising Action”, a beautiful periodical used to be published regularly but now a days it is not.
e)     Community/speaking population: Survival of the language comes from its own community/people. They need to be literate and make effort to keep it alive. Educated and elite class should contribute for the development of the language which is not so encouraging in case of Mishings. Well to do people should come forward for popularisation, funding research projects and publication of books.
f)      Others: At the same time scholars from other languages should guide, translate and help its development. Awards may be instituted for popularising Mishing literature For Mishings and non Mishing writers.
A healthy attitude towards this language by other will certainly add dimensions to its growth.

The Journey starting from 1915 with MIRI DOBAN till today almost touching a century has never been a smoother one. In between several setbacks and hurdles, Mishing language is prospering and able to establish itself as a language in the north east region. For this credit must go to its people who despite of all odds have been trying to keep it growing.


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